集(ji)電(dian)(dian)器從字面上(shang)理解，這(zhe)就(jiu)是收(shou)集(ji)器。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)子器件內，有時把(ba)(ba)用來收(shou)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)子的(de)電(dian)(dian)極，例如受(shou)電(dian)(dian)子束所投射的(de)電(dian)(dian)極叫做(zuo)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)器（即集(ji)電(dian)(dian)極）。在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)內，則是將用來把(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)內所產生的(de)交變電(dian)(dian)流轉(zhuan)換為脈動電(dian)(dian)流，即變成(cheng)方向恒定而大(da)小在(zai)(zai)變化著的(de)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)裝置叫做(zuo)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)器。

　　集電器是(shi)滑線(xian)系(xi)統中主要的部(bu)件之一。

　　集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是滑(hua)(hua)(hua)觸線系(xi)統中集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側拾取電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的主要裝置，它通過集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)與導軌的滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動接(jie)觸，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能直接(jie)傳導至用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，從而實(shi)現系(xi)統的移動供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器由機(ji)械(xie)結構的張力裝置和直接(jie)與導軌滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動接(jie)觸的集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)兩(liang)部分組成。

　　機械結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)張力(li)裝置決(jue)定集電刷與導(dao)(dao)軌的(de)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)接(jie)觸壓(ya)力(li)和機構(gou)(gou)的(de)穩定性，集電刷則(ze)是導(dao)(dao)軌滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)接(jie)觸拾取電能的(de)導(dao)(dao)體，它的(de)性能和導(dao)(dao)電質量(liang)以及材料結(jie)構(gou)(gou)成分(fen)的(de)優(you)劣，將直接(jie)影響整個系統設(she)備的(de)安全運(yun)行質量(liang)。