集(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)從字面上理解(jie)，這就是收(shou)(shou)集(ji)器(qi)(qi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)(qi)件內，有時把用來收(shou)(shou)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，例如受電(dian)(dian)子(zi)束所(suo)投射的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)叫做(zuo)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)（即集(ji)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)機內，則是將用來把電(dian)(dian)機內所(suo)產生的交變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流轉換為脈動電(dian)(dian)流，即變(bian)成方(fang)向恒(heng)定而大小在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)化著的電(dian)(dian)流的裝置叫做(zuo)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

　　集電(dian)器是滑線系(xi)統中主要的(de)部件之(zhi)一。

　　集(ji)(ji)電(dian)器是滑(hua)觸線系(xi)統中(zhong)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)側拾取電(dian)能的主(zhu)要裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，它通過集(ji)(ji)電(dian)刷與導(dao)軌(gui)的滑(hua)動(dong)接(jie)觸，將(jiang)電(dian)能直接(jie)傳導(dao)至(zhi)用(yong)電(dian)器，從而實現系(xi)統的移動(dong)供(gong)電(dian)。集(ji)(ji)電(dian)器由機械結(jie)構的張力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和直接(jie)與導(dao)軌(gui)滑(hua)動(dong)接(jie)觸的集(ji)(ji)電(dian)刷兩部分組成。

　　機(ji)械結構(gou)的張力裝置決定(ding)集(ji)電刷(shua)與導(dao)軌的滑動(dong)接(jie)觸壓力和機(ji)構(gou)的穩定(ding)性(xing)，集(ji)電刷(shua)則是導(dao)軌滑動(dong)接(jie)觸拾(shi)取(qu)電能的導(dao)體，它的性(xing)能和導(dao)電質量(liang)以及(ji)材料結構(gou)成分的優劣，將直接(jie)影(ying)響整個系統設備的安全運行質量(liang)。